Decorating teeth with jewels may be popular among some groups today, but it seems the idea was around in Mexico more than a thousand years ago.

Archaeologists have discovered the skeleton of an upper-class woman whose skull was intentionally deformed and her teeth encrusted with mineral stones.

The type of jewels found in her teeth show the woman was foreign to the region, and her skeleton was more deformed than any found before.

The woman wore a prosthetic lower tooth made of a green stone called serpentine (shown).  Her cranium was elongated by being compressed in a ‘very extreme’ manner, a technique commonly used in the southern part of Mesoamerica, not the central region where she was found

WHAT WAS TEOTIHUACAN?

Teotihuaca means ‘the place where men become gods’.

The site is thought to be a burial ground.

The Teotihuacan people worshipped eight gods, and were known to carry out human sacrifices.

The ancient city was founded 2,500 years ago and was once one of the biggest cities on Earth with over 100,000 residents – Earth at this time only house 200 million people.

The city was totally abandoned in 700 AD and very little is know about the civilisation, or what caused the mass exodus.

The body was discovered near Mexico’s ancient ruins of Teotihuacan, at a town called San Juan Evangelista.

The woman, between 35 and 40 years old when she died, was buried with 19 jars that served as offerings, the National Anthropology and History Institute said.

Her cranium was elongated by being compressed in a ‘very extreme’ manner – a technique commonly used in the southern part of Mesoamerica, not the central region where she was found, the institute said.

The site is thought to be a burial ground.

The Teotihuacan people worshipped eight gods, and were known to carry out human sacrifices.

Although other intentionally deformed skeletons have been found in Teotihuacan, this one – dubbed ‘The Woman of Tlailotlacan’ – is among those with the most deformations.

The woman, between 35 and 40 years old when she died, was buried with 19 jars that served as offerings, the National Anthropology and History Institute said

Archaeologists have discovered the skeleton of an upper-class woman whose skull was intentionally deformed with her teeth encrusted with mineral stones. The body was discovered near Mexico’s ancient ruins of Teotihuacan

WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE WOMAN?

The noble woman was between 35 and 40 years old when she died.

She was most likely foreign to the central region where she was buried, because her skull was elongated by being compressed in a ‘very extreme’ manner – a technique commonly used in the southern part of Mesoamerica, the researchers said.

Other intentionally deformed skeletons have been found in Teotihuacan, but this woman is one of the most deformed ever found.

Another distinctive feature, showing she was not from Teotihuacan, was two round pyrite stones encrusted in her top front teeth. This technique was used in Mayan regions in southern Mexico and Central America.

The woman also wore a prosthetic lower tooth made of a green stone known as serpentine.

Another distinctive feature, showing the woman was a ‘foreigner’ in Teotihuacan, is the two round pyrite stones encrusted in her top front teeth.

This was a technique used in Mayan regions in southern Mexico and Central America, which means the woman most likely came from there.

She also wore a prosthetic lower tooth made of a green stone known as serpentine.

The mysterious city of Teotihuacan, some 30 miles (50km) north of Mexico City, thrived between the first and eighth centuries, after which its civilization vanished.

Teotihuaca means ‘the place where men become gods’.

It is best known for the towering Pyramids of the moon and the sun.

The site is thought to be a burial ground.

The Teotihuacan people worshipped eight gods, and were known to carry out human sacrifices.

The ancient city was founded 2,500 years ago and was once one of the biggest cities on Earth with over 100,000 residents – Earth at this time only house 200 million people.

Teotihuaca means ‘the place where men become gods’. The mysterious city of Teotihuacan, some 30 miles (50km) north of Mexico City, thrived between the first and eighth centuries, after which its civilization vanished (shown on map). The city was totally abandoned in 700 AD and very little is know about the civilisation

Although other intentionally deformed skeletons have been found in Teotihuacan this one is among those with the most deformations

The city was abandoned in 700 AD and very little is know about the civilisation, or what caused the mass exodus.

In 2010 experts said a tomb discovery would be significant because the social structure of Teotihuacan remains a mystery after nearly 100 years of archaeological exploration at the site.

When the civilisation was abandoned, almost 50,000 high-value objects including jade, stone, shell and pottery, such as ceramic beakers, were thrown into the tunnel because it was closed up.

The Mayans deformed skulls of children, when they were easier to mould, because they believed it made people appear more noble.

According to Dr Samuel Romero-Vargas, the meaning of deformation was not only aesthetic but also religious and social.

In a paper the researcher reported that a Spanish chronicler called Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo had a conversation with a Mayan, asking what the custom meant.

‘This is done because our ancestors were told by the gods that if our heads were thus formed we should appear noble and handsome and better able to bear burdens’ the Mayan replied.

Last year a mysterious tomb was discovered in the region with hundreds of golden-coloured orbs

Vertical excavations begun in 2009 to reach the mouth of the tunnel suggest it was a ruler’s tomb, archaeologist SergioGomez said at the time.

‘I think the tunnel was the central element, the main element around which the rest of the ceremonial center was built,’ Gomez said. ‘This was the most sacred place.’

‘There is a high possibility that in this place, in the central chamber, we can find the remains of those who ruled Teotihuacan,’ he added.

WHY DID THE MAYANS DEFORM SKULLS?

The Mayans deformed skulls of children, when they were easier to mould, because they believed it made people appear more noble.

According to Dr Samuel Romero-Vargas, the meaning of deformation was not only aesthetic but also religious and social.

In a paper the researcher reported that a Spanish chronicler called Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo had a conversation with a Mayan, asking what the custom meant.

‘This is done because our ancestors were told by the gods that if our heads were thus formed we should appear noble and handsome and better able to bear burdens’ the Mayan replied.

Source: Neurosurgical Focus

The social structure of Teotihuacan remains a mystery after nearly 100 years of archaeological exploration at the site